How does NAT work with ARP?

So I’m fairly new to networking, and sorry if this is a low quality / repeated question.

So I understand NAT transforms private IP addresses into a public one, and ARP resolves IP addresses (unsure if either public or private or both) to a mac address.

But if I send a request to google, and my computers private ip is changed to public via NAT, and google sends back a response to my public IP address, how does my router’s ARP table know which private IP sent that request?