What exactly does a DNS show?

I've been trying to figure out what exactly happens when I use something like Google to search for anything.

Like if I search for "12345" on the search engine I know my ISP can see that I'm doing a search on Google and that Google itself tracks me but because of HTTPS it can't see that I am searching for "12345" (or can it? Correct me if I'm wrong).

But what does the DNS requests or whatever show exactly? Does it reveal anything more to the DNS provider aside from I'm using Google's search engine? I can't really find an answer that I understand enough to make sense of.