Inter-vlan throughput question. 10GiG traffic between vlans. Diagram in comments

I'm trying to expand my routing knowledge. If I were to separate dissimilar services into different vlans I'm curious what the downside of throughput would be.

For example, if I were to separate storage from a vmware stack into different vlans.

Here is a diagram depicting a VMware stack on the right and a SAN on the left. VMs are stored on the SAN.

https://imgur.com/HywoKpc.png

Question: Would the throughput between the vmware stack and SAN still utilize the 10GiG data ports, or would the traffic bottleneck at the router?